TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS
“DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH”
Nama
Npm Kelas
Reni
Oktaviani 17213403 1EA21
ATA
2013/2014
UNIVERSITAS
GUNADARMA
DIRECT
AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct
and Indirect Speech, who is also familiar with another term, namely
Report Speech. Direct Speech sentence is spoken directly by the speaker and
that the sentence would be written quotes. While we Indirect Speech
sentence report to others indirectly and without given a coma.
Report Speech. Direct Speech sentence is spoken directly by the speaker and
that the sentence would be written quotes. While we Indirect Speech
sentence report to others indirectly and without given a coma.
Tense
should be noted in this pattern:
Direct Speech Indirect
Speech
Simple
Present Tense be Simple Past
Tense
Present
Continuous Tense be Past Countinuous
Tense
Present
Perfect Tense be Past Perfect
Tense
Present
Perfect Continuous Tense be Past Perfect
Continuous
Tense
Tense
Simple
Past Tense be Past Perfect
Tense
Simple
Future Tense be Past Future
Tense/
Conditional
Conditional
Future Continuous Tense be Past Future Tense
(Conditional
Cotinuous)
(Conditional
Cotinuous)
Conditional be Conditional
Consider the following examples of
sentences:
Ø
“I never eat durian.” She explained.
Ø
She explained (that) she never eat
durian
Ø
“I am waiting for him now,” she said.
Ø
She said (that) she was waiting for him
then.
Tom said, “I have found
the book.”
Tom said (that) he had
found the book.
Mary said, “I’ve been
studying English for two hours.”
Mary said (that) she
had been studying English for two hours.
“I went to school
yesterday,” he said.
He said (that) he had
gone to school the day before.
She said, “I will be in
Germany on Saturday.”
She said (that) she
would be in Germany on Saturday.
She said, “I will be
playing tennis on the third.”
She said (that) she’d
be playing tennis on the third.
I said, “I would like
to see my boss.”
I said (that) I would
like to see my boss. (tidak berubah)
Direct and Indirect
Speech No 3 Piece:
1) Statement
(Pernyataan)
2) Command (Perintah)
3) Question
(Pertanyaan)
1. Statement
is a sentence that uses the statement "that" or words
may be omitted "That" is.
may be omitted "That" is.
He said, “We will go to
Jakarta tomorrow.”
He said that they would
go to Jakarta the next day.
Bob said, “I am a
university atudent.”
Bob said that he was a
university student.
Father said, “She’s
studying English now.”
Father said that she
was studying English then.
He said, “Tommy might
ring today.”
He said that Tommy
might ring that day.
Mother said, “I can’t
stand in a long time.”
Mother said that she
couldn’t stand in a long time.
He said, “I could help
you tomorrow.”
He said that the could
help me the next day.
“I could read when I
was four,” he boasted.
He boasted that he
could read when he was four.
atau
: He
boasted that he had been able to read when he was four.
He said, “I’m coming
this week.”
He said that he was
coming that week.
“You had better go to
bed early,” said my mother.
My mother said that I
had better go to bed early.
“If I were thirty years
old,I would move out to Bali,” he said.
He said that if he were
thirty years old, he would move out to Bali.
2. Command (Perintah)
In the form of commands we added the word
"To" as a liaison between
the introductory sentence kaliamat reported in the form of positive but
"not to" the negative command.
the introductory sentence kaliamat reported in the form of positive but
"not to" the negative command.
example:
He asked me “come here for a moment!”
He asked me to come there for a moment.
Mother asked me, “study English
seriously!”
He told me, “wait for me!”
She told me not to cheat anymore.
3. Question (Pertanyaan)
When the sentence form "yes / no
question" indirect sentence should be
added "Whether" or "if" which means "if" but if the question is put on
Words Questions such as where, who and other lai, Tanya word and
should not be removed without Whether adding / if.
added "Whether" or "if" which means "if" but if the question is put on
Words Questions such as where, who and other lai, Tanya word and
should not be removed without Whether adding / if.
Example :
He asked me, “Where do ypu live?”
He asked me where I lived.
The teacher asked me, “what is your name?”
The teacher asked me what my name was.
The man asked her, “where did you go yesterday?”
My mother asked them, “will you go to the beach
today?”
My mother asked them whether they would go to the beach
today.
John asked me, “Are you studying German now?”
John asked me if was studying German then.
Mixed type (Jenis Gabungan)
Example :
Anton asked me, “What’s happening to you? You looks
pale.”
Anton asked me what was hsppening to me as I looked
so pale.
Changes Adverb
of Time (Time Specification) that need to be considered:
Direct Indirect
Now Then
Today That
day
Tonight That
night
This week That
week
Yesterday The
day before
The day before yesterday Two day before
Last night The
night before
Last week The
Previous week
Last year The
Previous year
A year ago A
year before/the previous year
Three year ago Three
years before
Tomorrow The
next day/the following day
The day after tomorrow In two days’s time
Next week The
following week
Next year The
following year
On Sunday On
Sunday
On the sixth On
the sixth
Here There
(sebagai Adverb of Place/
ket.tempat)
ket.tempat)
This Restaurant The
restaurant (sebagai Adjective/
kata sifat)
kata sifat)
These books The
books (sebagai Adjective/
kata sifat)
kata sifat)
This It
(sebagai Pronoun/kata ganti)
These They/them
(sebagai Pronoun/
kata ganti)
kata ganti)
Example:
The man said, “I eat in this restaurant last night.”
The man said that he had eaten in the restaurant the
night before.
Mary said, “They bought yhese pens last week.”
Mary said that they had bought the pens the previous
week.
The manager said. “We will discuss this o the
first.”
The manager said that they would discuss it on the
first.
He said, “I have these today.’
He said thatn he had them that day.
She said, “these must be changed.”
She said that they must be changed.”
Auxiliaries changes
(Word Help) that must be considered:
Was/were -
was/were (usually in practice)
Was/were -
had been (in theory turn into
Past Perfect)
Past Perfect)
Can -
could
May -
might
Might -
might
Ought to/should -
ought to/should
Could -
could (ability of the present)
Could -
would be able/could
(ability of the future)
(ability of the future)
Could -
would be able/could (conditional
sentence type 2)
sentence type 2)
Could have -
could have (Conditional sentence
type 3)
type 3)
Could -
had been able/could (ability of the
past)
past)
Would -
would
Must -
must (making conclusions, orders
and objectives)
and objectives)
Must -
would have (necessity depends
on the action
on the action
will come)
Must -
had to (musts usual / unusual)
Mustn’t -
wastn’t to/musn’t (ban)
Mustn’t -
didn’t have to/wouldn’t have to/needn’t
Example :
Tom said, “When I saw them, they were playing
chees.”
Tom said that wehen he saw them,they were playing
chees.
The girl said, “I was thinking about my parents.”
The girl said that she had been thinking abaout her
parents.
He said, “You may come to my house sometime.”
He said that I might come to his house sometime.
They ought to/should study English hard,” I said
I said that they ought to/should study English hard.
She said, “Tom must be rich.” (conclusion)
She said that Tom must be rich.
My Mother said, “This window must be locked.”
(command)
My Mother said that the window must be locked.
Reference :
Jack, Hassan Saharuddin. 2002. The
Easiest way of Comprehending English Grammar. Jakarta: Batavia Press
