TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS

“DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH”

Nama                          Npm                            Kelas

Reni Oktaviani            17213403                  1EA21

ATA 2013/2014

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

(Kalimat Langsung dan Kalimat Tak Langsung)

Direct and Indirect Speech, who is also familiar with another term, namely
Report Speech. Direct Speech sentence is spoken directly by the speaker and
that the sentence would be written quotes. While we Indirect Speech
sentence report to others indirectly and without given a coma.

Tense should be noted in this pattern:

Direct Speech                                               Indirect Speech

Simple Present Tense                         be       Simple Past Tense

Present Continuous Tense                   be       Past Countinuous Tense

Present Perfect Tense                         be       Past Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense      be        Past Perfect Continuous 
                                                                      Tense

Simple Past Tense                              be       Past Perfect Tense

Simple Future Tense                          be        Past Future Tense/
                                                                      Conditional

Future Continuous Tense                    be       Past Future Tense 
                                                                      (Conditional
                                                                      Cotinuous)

Conditional                                        be        Conditional

Consider the following examples of sentences:

Ø   “I never eat durian.” She explained.

Ø  She explained (that) she never eat durian

Ø  “I am waiting for him now,” she said.

Ø  She said (that) she was waiting for him then.

Tom said, “I have found the book.”

Tom said (that) he had found the book.

Mary said, “I’ve been studying English for two hours.”

Mary said (that) she had been studying English for two hours.

“I went to school yesterday,” he said.

He said (that) he had gone to school the day before.

She said, “I will be in Germany on Saturday.”

She said (that) she would be in Germany on Saturday.

She said, “I will be playing tennis on the third.”

She said (that) she’d be playing tennis on the third.

I said, “I would like to see my boss.”

I said (that) I would like to see my boss. (tidak berubah)

Direct and Indirect Speech No 3 Piece:

1) Statement (Pernyataan)

2) Command (Perintah)

3) Question (Pertanyaan)

1. Statement is a sentence that uses the statement "that" or words
    may be omitted "That" is.

He said, “We will go to Jakarta tomorrow.”

He said that they would go to Jakarta the next day.

Bob said, “I am a university atudent.”

Bob said that he was a university student.

Father said, “She’s studying English now.”

Father said that she was studying English then.

He said, “Tommy might ring today.”

He said that Tommy might ring that day.

Mother said, “I can’t stand in a long time.”

Mother said that she couldn’t stand in a long time.

He said, “I could help you tomorrow.”

He said that the could help me the next day.

“I could read when I was four,” he boasted.

He boasted that he could read when he was four.

atau : He boasted that he had been able to read when he was four.

He said, “I’m coming this week.”

He said that he was coming that week.

“You had better go to bed early,” said my mother.

My mother said that I had better go to bed early.

“If I were thirty years old,I would move out to Bali,” he said.

He said that if he were thirty years old, he would move out to Bali.

2. Command (Perintah)

In the form of commands we added the word "To" as a liaison between
the introductory sentence kaliamat reported in the form of positive but
"not to" the negative command.

example:

He asked me “come here for a moment!”

     He asked me to come there for a moment.

     Mother asked me, “study English seriously!”

     He told me, “wait for me!”

     She told me not to cheat anymore.

3. Question (Pertanyaan)

    When the sentence form "yes / no question" indirect sentence should be
     added "Whether" or "if" which means "if" but if the question is put on
     Words Questions such as where, who and other lai, Tanya word and
      should not be removed without Whether adding / if.

Example :

He asked me, “Where do ypu live?”

He asked me where I lived.

The teacher asked me, “what is your name?”

The teacher asked me what my name was.

The man asked her, “where did you go yesterday?”

My mother asked them, “will you go to the beach today?”

My mother asked them whether they would go to the beach today.

John asked me, “Are you studying German now?”

John asked me if was studying German then.

Mixed type (Jenis Gabungan)

Example :

Anton asked me, “What’s happening to you? You looks pale.”

Anton asked me what was hsppening to me as I looked so pale.

Changes Adverb of Time (Time Specification) that need to be considered:

Direct                                    Indirect

Now                                      Then

Today                                    That day

Tonight                                  That night

This week                              That week

Yesterday                              The day before

The day before yesterday      Two day before

Last night                               The night before

Last week                              The Previous week

Last year                                The Previous year

A year ago                             A year before/the previous year

Three year ago                      Three years before

Tomorrow                             The next day/the following day

The day after tomorrow         In two days’s time

Next week                             The following week

Next year                               The following year

On Sunday                             On Sunday

On the sixth                           On the sixth

Here                                      There (sebagai Adverb of Place/
                                              ket.tempat)

This Restaurant                     The restaurant (sebagai Adjective/
                                              kata sifat)

These books                          The books (sebagai Adjective/
                                              kata sifat)

This                                       It (sebagai Pronoun/kata ganti)

These                                    They/them (sebagai Pronoun/
                                              kata ganti)

Example:

The man said, “I eat in this restaurant last night.”

The man said that he had eaten in the restaurant the night before.

Mary said, “They bought yhese pens last week.”

Mary said that they had bought the pens the previous week.

The manager said. “We will discuss this o the first.”

The manager said that they would discuss it on the first.

He said, “I have these today.’

He said thatn he had them that day.

She said, “these must be changed.”

She said that they must be changed.”     

Auxiliaries changes (Word Help) that must be considered:

Was/were                   - was/were (usually in practice)

Was/were                   - had been (in theory turn into 
                                     Past Perfect)

Can                             - could

May                            - might

Might                          - might

Ought to/should          - ought to/should

Could                         - could (ability of the present)

Could                         - would be able/could 
                                     (ability of the future)  

Could                         - would be able/could (conditional
                                     sentence type 2)

Could have                - could have (Conditional sentence
                                    type 3)

Could                        - had been able/could (ability of the
                                    past)

Would                       - would

Must                          - must (making conclusions, orders
                                    and objectives)

Must                          - would have (necessity depends
                                     on the action

                                     will come)

Must                          - had to (musts usual / unusual)

Mustn’t                      - wastn’t to/musn’t (ban)

Mustn’t                      - didn’t have to/wouldn’t have to/needn’t

Example :

Tom said, “When I saw them, they were playing chees.”

Tom said that wehen he saw them,they were playing chees.

The girl said, “I was thinking about my parents.”

The girl said that she had been thinking abaout her parents.

He said, “You may come to my house sometime.”

He said that I might come to his house sometime.

They ought to/should study English hard,” I said

I said that they ought to/should study English hard.

She said, “Tom must be rich.” (conclusion)

She said that Tom must be rich.

My Mother said, “This window must be locked.” (command)

My Mother said that the window must be locked.

Reference :

Jack, Hassan Saharuddin. 2002. The Easiest way of Comprehending English Grammar. Jakarta: Batavia Press